Software testing employs various tools to ensure quality and functionality. Popular tools include Selenium for automated web application testing, JUnit and TestNG for unit testing in Java, and Postman for API testing. Additionally, tools like JIRA and Bugzilla manage bug tracking and project management, while LoadRunner and JMeter are used for performance testing. These tools streamline testing processes, improve efficiency, and enhance software reliability by automating repetitive tasks and providing comprehensive test reports.